Hydrogen or an acid in presence of an iron catalyst can reduce carbon tetrachloride to chloroform, dichloromethane, chloromethane and even methane. With a specific gravity greater than 1, carbon tetrachloride will be present as a dense nonaqueous phase liquid if sufficient quantities are spilled in the environment.ĭespite being generally inert, carbon tetrachloride can undergo various reactions. At −47.3 ☌ it has monoclinic crystal structure with space group C2/c and lattice constants a = 20.3, b = 11.6, c = 19.9 (.10 −1 nm), β = 111°. Solid tetrachloromethane has two polymorphs: crystalline II below −47.5 ☌ (225.6 K) and crystalline I above −47.5 ☌. It is volatile, giving off vapors with a smell characteristic of other chlorinated solvents, somewhat similar to the tetrachloroethylene smell reminiscent of dry cleaners' shops. As a solvent, it is well suited to dissolving other non-polar compounds such as fats and oils. Methane gas has the same structure, making carbon tetrachloride a halomethane. Because of this symmetric geometry, CCl 4 is non-polar. In the carbon tetrachloride molecule, four chlorine atoms are positioned symmetrically as corners in a tetrahedral configuration joined to a central carbon atom by single covalent bonds. Tradenames include: Carbon-Tet, Katharin (Germany, 1890s), Benzinoform, Carbona and Thawpit in the cleaning industry, Halon-104 in firefighting, Refrigerant-10 in HVACR, and Necatorina and Seretin as a medication. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride can affect the central nervous system and degenerate the liver and kidneys. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants and as a cleaning agent, but has since been phased out because of environmental and safety concerns. It is a non-flammable, colourless liquid with a "sweet" chloroform-like smell that can be detected at low levels. Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl 4.
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